Monday 24 October 2016

MARIA SHARAPOVA'S DOPING SCANDAL



On 7 March,2016 Maria Sharapova ,the five-time Tennis Grand Slam winner and the highest earning female athlete admitted that she failed a doping test, conducted on January26 .She told that she had been using a substance called meldonium, which is now banned by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), for most of her pro career. But she says her failed test was due to the fact that meldonium was only recently banned and she failed to recognize the updated list.
"I had been legally taking the medicine for the past 10 years, but on January 1 the rules had changed, and meldonium became a prohibited substance, which I had not known," she told  at a press conference in Los Angeles.
Meldonium also known as mildronate was added to the  list of banned drug last year which came to place on 1 January 2016.The drug was added to the list because the World Anti-doping Agency said that there are evidences of using the drug by athletes for enhancing their performance.WADA had been observing it  for the last one year under monitoring programme to determine its effects on  athletic performance. According to WADA, meldonium started showing up inathletes' drug tests frequently enough that the organization began monitoring the drug and which athletes were using it in 2015.
WADA then banned the drug in 2016 because it found athletes were (unsurprisingly) using it to boost their sports abilities, not to treat heart condition.But she said that her family doctor began prescribing the drug after several health issues arose including frequent cases of flu.she said "I was getting very often.I had a deficiency in magnesium.I had irregular EKG results and I have family history of diabetes and there were signs of diabetes."
Dr. Steven Nissen chairman of the department of cardiovascular medicine at the cleveland clinic said that the drug was not available in the US and but that it seemed to be used elsewhere to treat chest pains from severe heart disease.He said "there is no way it would be clinically indicated in a healthy young athlete.

Sharapova admitted that she continued to take the drug while regularly checking the list through the years to confirm that it was not prohibited. The WADA in conjunction with International Tennis Federation sends  an email to the players at the end of every year with a link of banned substances.Sharapova confessed of not clicking on the link this time.And she took complete resposibility of her mistake.
The highest paid female athlete also suffered loss in her commercial value .NIKE has suspended its all contracts with her.Automaker Porsche,owned by Volkwagen also postponing all the planned sponsorship activity with her. Swiss
Watch brand TAG Heuer,part of the LVMH suspending negotiation about renewing the sponsorship deal that ended December 2015.Danone,which own Evian said earlier to follow the negotiation closely.   While Mr. Johan Eliasch ,the owner of HEAD sports equipment company said that she had made an 'Honest Mistake.'He even questioned WADAand said that the  drug banned only above a certain level and not fully.He also said that he is making these statements based upon the facts out in the public domain .He also said that he believes that Sharapova is transparent otherwise his reasoning falls.He wants to see her teaching tennis to children as a punishment.Also skincare company Supergoop is standing by her.Sharapova signed a deal with the company to become the face of the company in 2014 and also to become co-owner with Holly Thaggard.Miss Thaggard said " ........... we value our relationship with her ......."

At an anti-doping hearing in London, Sharapova was informed by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) that she should be banned for two years. She avoided the four year ban after WADA admitted that scientist could not dtermine for how long the drug remains in the user 's body after it had been taken.A statement said " An Independent Tribunal appointed under Article 8.1 of the 2016 Tennis Anti-Doping Programme has found that Maria Sharapova committed an Anti-Doping Rule Violation under Article 2.1 of the Programme and as a consequence has disqualified the affected results and imposed a period of ineligibility of two years , commencing on 26 January 2016. "She tok her case to the CAS where her was reduced to 15 months from 2 years. CAS criticised the ITF ,the WADA ,Women's Tennis Association for not doing enough to spread the message about the addition of the drug on the list of banned drugs.
Maria Sharapova has continued her training and waiting for the ban to be over.
As a former grand slam champion she will be entitled to receive  wild card entries to tournaments ,so she will not be suffering to fight through qualifying draws.

Hyederabad lac bangles

Lac bangles are considered auspicious is several cultutre of the country and therefore popular during marriage ceremonies in region like hyderabad. In hyderabad lac bangles continue to be popular among married woman. They are prefered as they are soothing to wear and do not cause ingection or itchiness like in the case of plastic or glass bangles. 
What id lac bangles?
Lac is a resinous substance secreted by an insect called kerria lacca. The insect hosts itself or branches of certain trees such as kusam andpopal and forms a red encrustation around it. The coated branches are cut and sieved and the material obtained is washed to remove all impurities. 
Lac is available in different qualities like dark black,brown,and light golden the latter being the best and most expensive.
Process of making lac bangles:
Lac pieces are first melted in a shallow vessel or kadai when it is in a a semi molten state beroza giya pathar powderamd color are added to it. The mixture is stired continuously the colored lac is now stuck on the end of a wooden stick the lac stuck aeound a wooden rod is heated slowly over the coal burner or angithi. 

It is a simultaneously pressed with a stone or a wooden tool called hatha at regular intervals when it is sufficiently warm and soft it is wrapped with the desired colir by rubbing the color by rubbing the colored lac stick on it evenly for this purposr the colored lac stick also has to be warn enough and is therefore neated over the burner. After the color has been applied to the lac basr it is shapped into thin coil with help of a hattha and cut of from the plain lac rod.

Saturday 22 October 2016

Shades of Rashtriya Sanskritik Mahotsav

 India the colorful and vibrant land is as diverse as its people . The mosaic of art and culture  , the potpourri of tradition , India Stands as one of the oldest living civilization which has offered to the rest of the world  the elemental sound "auomm" the concept of zero and  the richness of yoga  . A treasure of art and culture , India is not just a land but the storehouse of beauty , dream , tradition and verve . Art and culture of India have left several scholars and intellectuals spell bounded . India has preserved its culture through careful curation and encouragement of paintings , scriptures and  artforms  .  And the same was seen at Rashtriya Sanskritik Mahotsav at Indira Gandhi national center for arts . As the name suggests it is the cultural festival of india conceptualised by the ministry of cultural  - government of India to celebrate spirit of tradition and culture . It reconnects the new generation with Indian culture and showcases to the country and the world about  the soft power of unity in diversity of India . 
The glorious carnival  was a showcase of different crafts and paintings of India which glorified its rich heritage  .Exhibition hall was divided into various zones .  Each zone of India   be it north ,  south , east or west nurtures its own craft practiced and influenced by its geography and tradition  . The magnificent festival undiscovered the various talents  be it a lac bangle making , bronze sculptures or tanjavur paintings  with over 300 craftsperson from all over the India . The exhibitions stalls included the famous Maharashtrian sand rangoli depicting the sequence of  Valmik Rramayana . The dance Kathisamu and Karasma of Andhra Pradesh  converted the arena into an oasis of bliss for the dance lovers . the festival was coompanied by a wide ranging assortments of regional cuisines and delicacies prepared by traditional chefs . Delicacies showcased here included scrumptious regional meals from 35 states . One could fully enjoy the balmy october sun at the Rashtriya Sanskritik Mahotasv and enhance  ones knowledge with trimendous and rich culture of India 

Friday 21 October 2016

                 112 years old heritage house




K.Mohanraj, 46, is a well known bronze sculpture in the famous bronze town of Swamimalai in South India. He is a sculpturist with a Doctorate in Iconography. In the family, the art is passed on from generation to generation, a tradition that dates back to 3 hundred years. K.Mohanraj learned the art from his father, S.Karunanidhi when he was 13 year old.
K.Mohanraj has dedicated his life to bronze art and many of his bronze statues have found their way all over the world. The UNESCO office in Paris has some of his creations. He and his father have currently created around 8,000 idols, following a family tradition of making bronze icons that goes back centuries.

Art is all about passion and dedication . when Mohanraj was asked whether science and technology had changed and improved the quality of the icons, he smiled and with his hand keeping on his heart , said , “Quality comes from here.”                                         

Mohanraj has maternal feelings toward the deities he makes. He said this process always makes him nervous, for him each and every mould is a child. Whenever Mohanraj makes a model and covers it in a mould, he doesn’t know what is inside, and eagerly and nervously awaits the birth of a new icon. Mohanraj says, “we are the mother of the statues” , it shows again how much they are emotionally involved in making the icon.They are the one because of whom today culture is living. When a sculptor decides to make the wax model, the idol is infused with a spark of jeevan (life); when it is cast in metal it is half alive. When we draw the eyes it is three-quarters live but when it is placed in a temple and pujas are performed becomes a live being," the stapathi .
Now, it has become something else, it is out of his hands and the newborn has become immortal.

Tuesday 18 October 2016

IPL Digital rights and TV rights

The Indian cricketing bonanza, Every cricket fan from around the world and every Indian fan, supporting their team will glued to their television.
For, those fans who will watch sitting at home in India, the eight season of the Indian premium league will be telecast on star as their subsidiary novi digital entertainment private limited has bagged the rights for the next three seasons. The mobile and Internet rights for the Indian premium league has also been awarded to novi digital entertainment private limited for a whopping 302 crores.
This tournament has gained a lot of popularity abroad which came as a surprise to many. Star has won the bid to telecast the IPL across various continent except the United Kingdom and united States of America. In the UK sky network is showing this tournament, while in USA , ESPN has been awarded to media right. Although the Pakistan players won't be able to play the tournament to be held in the country due to the differences between the two nations, they will able to watch the event nevertheless on the GEO super chanel.
Other than just on television, the game will also be broadcast on the Internet via live streaming.  You can longon to WWW.IPLT20. Com, and star sports.com and other websites where the games will be live streamed for you.
This season, they have gone one step further with watching the match on your mobile handsets either on the mobile Internet or on hotstar app. If you are travelling and want to catch the match, use mobile streaming and you won't miss a single ball.

Ipl broadcasters :- set MAX, Sony six &HD, Sony ESPN&HD in India, Bhutan and Nepal.
GEO super in Pakistan
Sky sports in UK.
ESPN in USA.
Sportsnet in Canada.

Monday 17 October 2016

Wrestler Narsingh Yadav- A case of doping.

 

Wrestler Narsingh Yadav- A case of doping.

 


One decision by the National anti-doping agency (NADA) broke the millions of heart in India when the verdict did not fall in to the favor of Indian wrestler Narsingh yadav , who was chosen to be represented as an Indian wrestler in Rio Olympic, although he had managed grab bronze medal in Vegas 2015and also replaced double Olympic gold medalist-Sushil kumar in Rio Olympic .
Narsingh Yadav slammed by the CAS (court of arbitration for sport) with the four year-ban given to him in a dope scandal by NADA.
“WADA takes the case to CAS ad hoc division, where the decision

of NADA India has been challenged to acquit the two following anti-doping tests with methandienone on july 25 and july 5. The athlete claimed that the he is the victim of sabotage (tempering substance) by another person. WADA requested that a four-year period of ineligibility be imposed on the athlete," the CAS said in a statement.
The CAS did not accepted the plea and find him to be the victim of sabotage and neither the evidences nor the anti-doping rule violation was not intentional which proves actual the ban of four year imposed by the panel” statement added”.
The embattled 74kg wrestler had maintained his statement that he is the victim of conspiracy by the rivals who spiked his drink with banned substances. Narsingh's roommate at the SAI centre in Sonipat also tested positive for the same substance but WFI backed the Mumbai-based wrestler's claims of a foul-play. Days before the Olympics, Narsingh was cleared of doping charges by the NADA who said the wrestler was indeed a victim of 'sabotage' and deserved the benefit of doubt.
However, his hopes were dealt a massive blow when WADA challenged the NADA's decision and moved the CAS amid speculation that the wrestler may face a ban up to four years.

 



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Sunday 16 October 2016

Narsingh 's hope to dope

Narsingh yadav , a Indian wrestler’ s Olympic dream was shattered when he was accused in a doping case a day before his match. Having grabbed the quota by virtue of his bronze in Las Vegas 2015, Narsingh’s road to Rio was fraught with obstacles after he was named to represent India ahead of double Olympic-medallist Sushil Kumar.

Sushil dragged Narsingh to Delhi High Court and a bitter courtroom tussle followed but the judgement went in latter’s favour. There was more drama in store for the Asian Games bronze-medallist after he returned positive for a banned steroid following a dope test in June by the NADA.Narsingh’s roommate at the SAI centre in Sonipat also tested positive for the same substance but WFI backed the Mumbai-based wrestler’s claims of a foul-play. Days before the Olympics, Narsingh was cleared of doping charges by the NADA who said the wrestler was indeed a victim of ‘sabotage’ and deserved the benefit of doubt. However, his hopes were dealt a massive blow when WADA challenged the NADA’s decision and moved the CAS amid speculation that the wrestler may face a ban up to four years  . he was ousted from the olympics  and was slapped with a 4 - year ban  for flunking a dope test after the ad hoc division of the court of arbitration if sports (CAS ) overturned the clean chit given to him by the National Anti - Doping Agency . JSW Sports - the sponsor brand of narsingh yadav  were deeply disaapointed at the verdict of the CAS in handing a   4 - year ban  to narsingh yadav . He has been the first and foremost  sportsperson of india to whom jsw proudly supports and will continue doing that . Narsingh has been put through an ordeal that no athlete has been put to . Narsingh yadav afte3r the declaration of the verdict quoted  "To say I am devastated at the decision of CAS would be putting it mildly. I have gone through so much over the last two months off the mat but the thought of fighting for the glory of the nation at the Games had kept me going. My dream of competing and winning the country a medal at the Rio Olympics has been cruelly snatched away from me twelve hours before my first bout, but I will do everything it takes to prove my innocence. It is all I have left to fight for.” .   
 Refrencews :-    http://indianexpress.com/sports/rio-2016-olympics/narsingh-yadav-banned-for-four-years-by-cas-india-wrestling-wrestler-doping-dope-2984420/  
http://www.jsw.in/sports/statement-jsw-sports-and-narsingh-yadav

Saturday 15 October 2016

इंटरनेट के 10 में से 7 यूजर ग्रामीण भारत से !

इंटरनेट के 10 में से 7 यूजर ग्रामीण भारत से !
( बिजनेस स्टेंडर्ड दि.19/8/2016 में  प्रकाशित समाचार )

इंटरनेट की पहुंच बढ़ने के कारण वर्ष 2020 तक ग्रामीण भारत में इसके उपयोगकर्ताओं की संख्या बढ़कर 73 करोड़ तक पहुंच सकती है.  नैसकॉम और अकामाई टेक्नोलॉजी की एक संयुक्त रिपोर्ट के मुताबिक इंटरनेट के करीब 10 नए उपयोगकर्ताओं में से 7 का संबंध ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों से होगा.  वर्तमान में भारतीय इंटरनेट उपभोक्ताओं की संख्या करीब 40 करोड़ है.  लेकिन अगले 30 करोड़ नए उपयोगकर्ताओं में से 75 फीसदी ग्रामीण भारत से जुड़ें होंगे.  साथ ही इतनी ही संख्या में लोग स्थानीय भाषा में डेटा का इस्तेमाल करेंगे.  रिपोर्ट के मुताबिक चीन के बाद इंटरनेट उपभोक्ताओं की संख्या में भारत का स्थान आता है.  वैश्विक रूप से वर्ष 2020 तक करीब दुनिया की आधी जनसंख्या के पास इंटरनेट उपलब्ध होगा.  नैसकॉम के अध्यक्ष आर. चंद्रशेखर ने कहा कि भारत इंटरनेट उपभोग में पहले ही अमेरिका से आगे निकल गया है और वैश्विक रूप से दूसरे स्थान पर है.  वर्ष 2020 तक यह देश के और दूरदराज के भूभागों में फैलेगा जिससे हर किसी के लिए और अवसर पैदा होंगे. 

Friday 14 October 2016

CULTURE


This question took life of my classmates…. Now we all have answer….. of this life threatening question….

                WHAT IS CULTURE ???

The Language which we use to communicate, the Music, The Clothes we wear, the Beliefs, The Food we eat, the Science and Technology, The Religion we follow, The custom we share. They all are part of culture.

Culture is often used as Dance, Music , Art and Sculpture but it means more:-

It is about the way of life, the whole way of life, about cities, town and villages, the games, the festivals, the rituals , the celebrations, the food , the crops we grow, the education, the social and political system and everything.

Culture is both materialistic and non-materialistic

Materialistic : - The Vehicles, Monuments, Building and Sculpture

Non Materialistic : - Belief , Idea , Action, The Language , Behavior, The Religion and Practices

Culture is like an iceberg

Above the surface are the visible aspects of culture which are easy to see such as language, food, greeting & dress. Because we see them we can respond to them. The biggest part of culture is hidden below the surface, the invisible rules, beliefs, practices, and values that define each culture



Culture is very complex wider and involved thing.       

IPL DIGITAL RIGHTS AND TV RIGHTS

Currently IPL digital rights novi digital entrtainment pvt. Ltd. A unit of star india for a period of 3 year to 2017. And set max, sony six, sony espn, geo super, sky sports, sportsnet, ppv coverage through dverizon fios ,dish hot wire, communication, medicom and rcn, maasaranga tv, measat (astro), supersport,osn ,pcc ,star hubs and singtel, sportsmax ,carlton sports star cricket ,sky sport, emtu

Doping 2016

Indian wrestler narshingh yadav has become the latest athlete to be removed from rio olympics 2016 over doping after the court of arbitration for sport gave him a 4 year suspension.yadav had originally escaped a ban over two positive tests earlier this year for the banned substances methandicienone after india's national anti doping agency accepted his explanation that his food or drunk had been tampered with the world anti doping disagreed and field an appeal to CAS which ruled that there was no evidence to support yadav's claim of sabotage.

गैजेट्स का दुरुपयोग

आज के आधुनिक युग मे मोबाइल फोन कि आवश्यकता एंव मांग दिन प्रतिदिन बढती ही जा रही है । इस दौर मे मोबाइल फोन्स के बिना जिवन कि कल्पना करना असंभव है । मोबाइल हमारे शरीर के एक अंग कि तरह बन चुका है । हमारे दिनचर्या मे मोबाइल फोन कि आवश्यकता हमेशा बनी रहती है ।
लेकिन यह इस दौर के बच्चो के लिए बहुत खतरनाक है । यह बच्चो को भी अपने चपेट मे ले रहा है । आजकल के बच्चे बाहर खेलने एंव शारिरिक कार्य करने के बजाय मोबाइल फोन पर गेम्स खेलना ज्यादा पसंद करते है । उनहे इस बात का अंदाजा भी नही कि इसका परिणाम कितना घातक साबित हो सकता है ।
आजकल के बच्चे कम उम्र मे ही सोशल नेटवर्किंग साइट पर सक्रिय रहते है, और ज्यादा से ज्यादा समय तक मोबाइल फोन पर व्यस्त रहते है ।
यह एक बहुत बड़ी समस्या है, इस विषय पर विचार करने कि आवश्यकता है ।

Wednesday 12 October 2016

अलगाववाद की आड़ में धधकता कश्मीर - 1
                                                   


रुपेश रंजन मिश्र बिहारी’'

''स्वर्ग का एहसास दिलाने वाला कश्मीर आज अलगाववाद की आड़ में नित्य दिन धधक रहा है। कश्मीर घाटी की समस्या से पूरा विश्व चिंतित है। घाटी की आवाम  परेशान हैं..सौ - सौ दिनों तक लोग घरों में कैद रहते हैं, शिक्षा, स्वास्थ की समस्या का हाल बदहाल है। घाटी की समस्या का उत्तर खोजता मेरा आलेख।''


घाटी में 8 जूलाई 2015 को हिजबुल आंतकी बुरहान वानी की मौत के बाद अचानक उपद्रव शुरु हो गया, जो अब तक थमने का नाम नहीं ले रहा है। इस उपद्रव में अब तक 6600सौ से ज्यादा  जवान, 4200 सौ से ज्यादा कश्मीरी घायल हो चुके हैं। इस उपद्रव में कई जवानों, कई लोगों की भी, जानें भी जा चुकी हैं। रोज- ब- रोज कश्मीर घाटी में, उत्तर से लेकर दक्षिण तक सिर्फ अवगाववाद का सैलाव देखने को मिलता है। दिल्ली अमन- चैन की अपिल करती हैं, तो देश की आवाम संवाद की.. और कश्मीरी युवा सिर्फ अलगाववाद की। इस अलगाववाद की आड़ में कश्मीर ने ना सिर्फ अपनों को खोया हैं, बल्कि अरबों रुपयों की संपति को  भी भेट चढ़ा दिया। ना जानें कश्मीर की समस्या का पुख्ता हल कब निकलेगा ? कश्मीर सदियों से अलगाववाद से ग्रस्त रहा है। सन् 1984 से लेकर 1990 तक का इतिहास का भला कौन भूल सकता हैं? बुरहान की मौत के बाद जिस तरीके से घाटी में अलगाववाद सुनगा है, ठीक उसी प्रकार ..फरवरी 1984 में भी घाटी का माहौल था। 3 फरवरी 1984 को बरमिंघम में तैनात भारतीय राजनयिक रवीन्द्र म्हात्रे को जम्मू कस्मीर लिब्रेशन आर्मी के कार्यकर्ताओं ने अपहरण कर लिया और 5 फरवरी को उनकी नृशंसतापूर्वक हत्या कर दी। इसके 6 दिन बाद जम्मू कश्मीर लिब्रेशन फ्रंट के संस्थापक अध्यक्ष को, सत्रह साल पहले हत्या करने के अपराध में दिल्ली के तिहार जेल में फांसी की सजा दी गयी थी। इस घटना ने तब भी घाटी को वर्षों तक अलगाववाद में धधकाया था। उस वक्त कश्मीर के राज्यपाल जगमोहन थे।  इसके बाद अनेक घटनायें घटती रही..। 5 जूलाई 1983 को इकबाल पार्क में, राज्य विधानसभा चुनाव के दौरान, प्रधानमंत्री इंदिरा गांधी की जनसभा में लोगों ने निर्वस्त्र होकर विरोध किया।  इस विरोधाभास के कारण घाटी में तनाव व्यक्त हो गया तथा 15 फरवरी 1984 को कांग्रेस पार्टी के चार सम्रथकों की पुलिस की फायरिंग में मौत हो गई। उस वक्त भी 2016 के तरह तनाव व्यक्त था। ना तो सरकार तब समाधान निकाल पाई, ना ही आज.. निकाल पा रही है? अगर की भारत चौहद्दी में बात करें तो सबसे ज्यादा शहीद सैनिकों का आकड़ा सिर्फ घाटी से मिलता है। उतना ही यहॉ से कश्मीरी आवामों  की जान जाने का आकाड़ा हैं। कश्मीर में अलगाववाद का उदय तो बहुत पहले हो चुका था परंतु इस बार अलगाववाद एक के बाद एक घटनाओं पे उदय होता जा रहा है। अमरनाथ श्राइन  बोर्ड को दी जाने वाली भूमि का मसला(2008) का हो या शोपियां बलात्कार (2009), तुफैल मट्टू की सैन्य गोलीबारी में मौत (2010) का मुद्दा हर बार कश्मीर घाटी में तुफान देखने को मिला हैं। इस तुफान में घी डाल रहा है पाकिस्तान। पाक के कथानुसार कश्मीर पाक का है। घाटी में बुरहान के मौत के बाद पाक ने घाटी में अशांति का घोल ..घोल दिया है। जिसके कारण कश्मीर में कुछ नेताओं के मदद से अलगाववाद का, एक बार फिर से उदयकरण हुआ है। कश्मीर में समयानुसार देश विरोधी गतिविधि देखने को मिलते है। अक्सर पाक के झंडे को लहराना व इस्लामिक स्टेट जैसे आंतकवादी संगठन के नारे घाटी में आमफहम होने लगे हैं। अलगाववादियों के माहौल को काबू करने के लिए सरकार ने पेलेट गन का प्रयोग किया। जो कहीं ना कहीं मानवता को तो खत्म कर ही दिया पर सेना के सामने उस वक्त क्या उपाय हो सकता है? क्या सेना के जवान सदियों के तरह इन देश द्रोहियों के आड़ में अपना जान गंवाते रहें? सेना और सरकार ने सदैव शांति का हर बार आयाम पेश करता आया है, परंतु शांति का पैगाम कभी घाटी में सफल नहीं हुआ ।


   कश्मीर की  समस्या : कश्मीर किसका 

दरअसल 1947 से पहले कश्मीर स्वतंत्र रिहासत थी। जिस पर डोगरा राजपूत राजा हरि सिंह का शासन था। संचार, रक्षा, विदेश नीति के मामले में कश्मीर अंग्रजों के मातहत थी । घाटी की आबादी बहुसंख्यक मुस्लिम थी, पर राजा हिंदू। मांउटबेटन योजना के तहत भारत का विभाजन हुआ। देशी रिहासतों के शासकों को अपनी मर्जी से भारत - पाक में जाने का अधिकार प्राप्त था। लगभग 2,22,236 वर्ग किलोमीटर में फैला कश्मीर के लिए ये नियम समस्या बन गया। कश्मीर के लिए कोई उधोग तो था नहीं परंतु प्रकृतिक छटा के कारण पर्यटक यहॉ का अहम साधन था। जिससे यहॉ का जीकोपार्जन चलता था और चलता आया है। राजा हरि सिंह कश्मीर की छटा से मुग्ध थें, तथा कश्मीर को स्वतंत्र देश बनाने के साथ कश्मीर को स्विट्ज़रलैंड बनाना चाहते थे । ये उनका व्यक्तिगत ख्ब़ाब भी था। अपने ख्ब़ाबों को पुरा करने के लिए राजा हरिसिंह ने माउंटबेटन योजना के तहत अपनी अर्जी पेश नहीं किया था। राजा हरि सिंह ने दोनों मुल्कों के बीच यथास्थिति समझौता पेश किया। जिसका तहत दोनों मुल्कों के कार्यानुसार आना- जाना सह आवश्यक वस्तुओं का आदान- प्रदान किया जा सकता था। हक़िकत में पाक ने इस प्रस्ताव पर  मुहर लगा दिया परंतु भारत ने प्रतिक्षा करने का फैसला लिया और किया भी । अमूमन समयानुसार हालत बिगड़ने लगी  तथा कश्मीर के उपर पाक अत्याचार करने लगा। यह बात तो साफ थी कि कश्मीर की सम्राज्य शक्ति एक हिंदू शासक के हाथों में थी। जो पाकिस्तान के लिए चिंता का सबक था। जिसके कारण पाक आवश्यक वस्तुओं की आर्पूति को रोककर कश्मीर पर दबाब बनाना शुरु कर दिया । शुरुआती दौर में घटित घटनाओं से यानी कश्मीर को पाक के साथ जाना.. इस सब से सरदार पटेल जी को कोई एतराज नहीं थी बल्कि जूनागढ़ के कारगुजारी से सरदार का मिजाज़ बदल गया फिर भी भारत ने कश्मीर को भारत में विलय के लिए कोई पहल नहीं की। जो कश्मीर के आवामों के माथें पर काली चिंता साफ - साफ झलक रहीं थी।  ब्रिटिस रेजीडेंट से लेकर वायसराय मांउटबेटन तक कश्मीर को दोनों में से किसी में भी अपना विलय स्वेच्छा से कर लने के लिए अपना सुक्षाव दे चुके थें। राजा हरि सिंह अपने विचार पर कायम रहा। उनके लिए किसी का कोई सुझाव काम नहीं आया। महराजा के ख्बाब़ों ने  निर्णय नहीं लेने दिया। जिसके कारण पाक को एक मौका मिल गया कि कश्मीर पर हमला कर दे। यहीं से कश्मीर समस्या का बीजारोपण शुरु हुआ जो आज भी कायम है। अगर गौर से देखें तो महराजा हरिसिंह के महत्वकांक्षी होना इन सब कारणों का दोष रहा परंतु ये कहना भी सही नहीं होगा, क्योंकि भू- आबद्ध देश तो उस वक्त में काफी थे। आकड़ों को देखें तो सन् 1947 में कुल मिलाकर कश्मीर के साथ 23 ऐसे देश थे परंतु आज तो 41 हो गए हैं। 41 देश आज भी जीवित हैं। हॉ ! कश्मीर की समस्या इन सब से अलग थी और है, इसी कारण  महराजा हरि सिंह को चूक हुई जो आज कश्मीर की समस्या व्याप्त है।
भारत का कश्मीर पे राज क्यों ?
(शेष अगले अंक में ...आलेख जारी है।)

Monday 10 October 2016

Naxalism - A Red Corridor

Naxalism term is derived from the village of Naxalbari in Siliguri subdivision of Darjeeling district in the state of West Bengal . The revolt that marked the beginning of revolutionary struggle in India began in Naxalbari in the spring of 1967. Under the acts of 1859 and 1879 the British government had leased out the lands to a group of people known as the jotedars .These jotedars were rich peasants who held most of the cultivable lands. This formed the objective basis for their socio-economic domination in the countryside. There were three villages in Siliguri where poor peasants had began to organize against the jotedars- Naxalbari, Kharibari and Phansideva. The organization which was working on the peasant front was All India Kisan Sabha which was formed by Swami Sahjanand Saraswati in 1936. The wars with Pakistan and China had jolted the national economy and frequent droughts were making the situation worse for the peasants thus igniting the fire of revolt. Charu Majumdar, then the dirstrict secretary of CPI(M) and later founder and general secretary of CPI(ML) was the main ideologue of the party leading a group of young activists like Kanu Sanyal, Jagan Santhal, Kamakhya Banarjee, Kadam Malik and Khokan Majumdar who had formed a revolutionary nucleus inside the CPI(M). From April 1967 the agrarian revolution was in full swing. The leaders adopted the Maoist outlook for an armed peasant rebellion and Charu Majumdar wrote a series of monologues which came to be known asHistoric Eight Documents and still remains the guiding principles for the Maoist revolutionaries. Under the leadership of AIKS the armed peasants began to confiscate lands from the jotedars and redistribute among themselves. Meanwhile, a dalit peasant was killed by men of a jotedar. This incident intensified the clashes between jotedars and the peasants and the movement took an extremely violent turn. The state government under the pressure of the central government increased the police presence in Naxalbari. The rebel peasants clashed with the police in which many peasants were killed. On May 25th peasant processions from different parts of Naxalbari came to converge at the village prasadjote and held a meeting defying the police order. The sub divisional officer of Siliguri, Deepak Ghosh ordered open fire on the crowd. After several rounds of firing many peasants were killed including women and children. IT WAS THIS INCIDENCE THAT ASSOCIATED THE WHOLE MOVEMENT WITH NAXALBARI AND THE MOVEMENT ITSELF WAS TERMED NAXALISM.

Tuesday 4 October 2016

THE ENEMY PROPERTY BILL ,2016


The Modi government is trying to amend the Enemy Property Act ,1968. According to the website of Indian Express , Congress JD-U,CPI and Samajvadi Party opposed the Bill and said that the proposed changes in the act would result in punishing lakhs of Indian citizens and have no effect on any ' ENEMY GOVERNMENT '. According to them the provisions of the present bill violates the very basic Principle of Natural Justice ,Human Rights and settled principles of law .
The  Act emerged when the India - Pakistan wars of 1965 and 1971 saw migration of people from India to Pakistan . Under the Defence of India Rules framed under the Defence of India Act , the government of India took over the properties of those who took nationality of Pakistan .China was also added after the 1962 war.Such  an Enemy Property Act was there prior to independence also in which Japan and Germany were considered as enemy as per the British Laws . But later on the Act was re-modelled considering Pakistan as an Enemy nation.
                                                                                                                                   There are large number of properties spread over 12000 acre in India which belong to Pakistani or Chinese nationals. These properties are worth more than 1 lakh crores .Earlier this act was not supposed to have any permanence  , because the talks were going on between Pakistan and India to solve their respective property issue .So ,there was hope that Pakistan will enter into some agreement to that effect .But Pakistan sold off the Enemy Properties owned by Indian nationals ,according to their Law in 1971 itself.

 The points in favour of the act from the goverment are thatthese properties has to be used and maintained rather than let it deteriorate or usage by unauthorised people .Legally also it is important as  unintended benefits are taken by some people.
According to the Select Committee this Act clarifies the legal status of enemy property in India but the process of identifying such properties has not been completed . 
The ordinance was promulgated in January 2016 ,the bill was passed in the Lok Sabha in March 2016 and reffered to Select Committee of Rajaya Sabha . Since then it has been amended four times and re-promulgated so  that it does not lapse due to time taken by Select Committee.But due to absence of majority of BJP  in Rajaya Sabha the Bill has become a major challenge for the BJP.

Monday 3 October 2016

                                          
      RAISED HIS HANDS        




As someone snatched her scarf away from her breast
The painter looked at her
And admired
He raised his hands
Not to protect
But to paint her
Because he knew
Naked gloomy breast is much valuable than anything else

As someone touched her naked body
The photographer looked at her
He admired her
And took his step ahead
Not to protect her
But to capture high resolution picture of her
With full details
Because he knew
Nothing is valuable than women’s naked golden body

When someone was raping her
The others looked at her
And extended their hands
Again,
Not to protect
But to grab her
To grab her for their turn


                                                                                                       SHALINI GIRI